Electricity produced by CO2, air and water

ABSTRACT

Electricity is produced by taking advantage of the differences in the physical properties of carbon dioxide as compared to air. The amount of expansion of CO 2  makes it possible to push a piston forcing water through a turbine to produce electricity. CO 2  is not lost since it is not allowed to pass through the water turbine.  
     Carbon dioxide is in 2 pipes. The inside pipe is 17 inches and the outside pipe is 2 feet in diameter. The carbon dioxide is compressed by air from underground storage from 40 bar to 100 bar in the inside pipe and from 40 bar to 80 bar in the outside pipe. There are three underground storage areas, two containing air and one containing CO 2 .  
     The heat produced by compression in both the inside pipe and the outside pipe diminishes the Van Der Waal forces which hold the carbon dioxide molecules close together and allows expansion in the outside pipe which pushes water through the water turbine. The carbon dioxide in the inner pipe stays compressed by locking the piston in place. The carbon dioxide in the inner pipe produces heat when this occurs. There is an energy phase and a repair phase. For continuing production of energy, there must be two set ups which alternate by going through the energy phase or repair phase. Electricity may be produced by this method on the scale of 1,000 to 3,000,000 Kw as much as a “good size” steam power plant.

REFERENCES CITED U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

[0001] U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS   986,577 3/1911 Kiriloff 3,436,914 4/1969Rosfelder 3,595,012 7/1971 Beck, Jr. 3,670,630 6/1972 Kriedt 3,996,74112/1976 Herberg 4,181,455 1/1980 Stanwick 4,211,077 7/1980 Cassidy4,219,544 8/1980 Stanwick 4,250,230 Feb. 10, 1981 Terry 4,345,433 8/1982Stanwick 4,528,811 Jul. 16, 1985 Stahl 4,549,396 Oct. 29, 1985 Garwoodet al. 4,539,303 Nov. 3, 1985 MacLean et al. 4,467,857 Feb. 4, 1986Houseman et al. 4,729,224 Mar. 8, 1988 McAteer 4,921,765 May 1, 1990Gmeindl et al. 4,942,734 Jul. 24, 1990 Markbreiter et al. 4,978,832 Dec.18, 1990 Rubin 4,999,995 Mar. 19, 1991 Nurse 5,025,631 Jun. 25, 1991Garbo 5,111,662 May 12, 1992 Nicolin et al. 5,233,837 Aug. 10, 1993Callahan 5,342,702 Aug. 30, 1994 MacGregor 5,394,685 Mar. 7, 1995 Kestonet al. 5,435,274 Jul. 25, 1995 Richardson, Jr. 5,579,640 Dec. 3, 1996Gray, Jr. et al. 5,713,202 Feb. 3, 1998 Johnson 5,724,805 Mar. 10, 1998Golomb et al. 5,787,605 Aug. 4, 1998 Okul et al. 5,797,583 Aug. 25, 1998Murata et al. 5,816,048 Oct. 6, 1998 Bronicki et al. 5,819,522 Oct. 13,1998 Tops. o slash. e; Axel

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[0002] Not applicable.

REFERENCE TO A “MICROFICHE APPENDIX”

[0003] Not applicable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] This invention produces electricity by using the hydroelectricmethod. Water is pushed through a water turbine by CO₂ at the pressureof 80 bar. The CO₂ at 80 bar displaces water contained in a, tank orpipe at the beginning. No carbon dioxide goes through the turbine.

BACKGROUND ART

[0005] The Richardson invention U.S. Pat. No.5,435,274 differs from theinstant patent invention U.S. Pat. No.9,638,298. The Richardsoninvention uses an underwater carbon arc which results in “mixture ofgases, being non-self combustible but combustible as a fuel gas in thepresence of air, and comprising gaseous hydrogen in major amount andcarbon oxides in minor amount, mainly carbon monoxide”. In contrast, theinstant patent invention U.S. Pat. No.9,638,298 uses the CO₂ physicalproperties to generate energy as described below to make electricitywithout combustion of a fuel gas.

[0006] The hydroelectric plants today are located at a dam site or aplace of pumped storage or at a place where compressed air is stored.This invention does not need to operate near a dam site. It is best thatit is located near a lake, river or reservoir of water. This inventionrecycles air, CO₂ and water. Only, leakage of water, CO₂ and air at thevalve sites need to be replaced.

[0007] Today, there is much pollution caused by coal-fired power plants.When natural gas burns clean, CO₂ is still produced and is a pollutant.The fuel for the power plant in this invention is compressed CO₂ andcompressed air stored underground.

[0008] This power plant needs CO₂ which may be supplied by a fossil fuelpower plant.

[0009] Sequestration of the CO₂ produced by a fossil-fuel power couldprovide the incentive for purifying the smoke emitted by a fossil fuelplant.

SUMMARY

[0010] This invention produces electricity from CO₂ and is not dependentupon combustible fuel for operation. A supply of CO₂ and air arerequired to start the process and the production plant needs to be neara water source. Also ideally, production of electricity described inthis invention would take place near a steam plant and would use the hotcondensate from that plant. This heat may be used to cause CO₂ to expandfrom the density of 933·m⁻³ at the pressure of 40 bar at 0 degrees C. tothe density of 281 Kg·m⁻³ at the pressure of 80 bar at 40 degrees C.

[0011] Steel pipes are required to contain the CO₂ and air above groundlevel in the hydroelectric apparatus. Underground storage balloon-typeliners 16 ft. in diameter are required at multiple levels to contain CO₂and air at the pressures of 1.1 bar, 20 bar, 40 bar, 60 bar, 70 bar, 75bar, 80 bar and 100 bar. Commercial compressors at the beginning areused to supply the air and CO₂ to fill the balloon-type structure linersunderground at multiple levels. There are two times the storage of airand CO₂ at 40 bar and 80 bar. The different levels of stored pressuresallow most of the air to be recycled at the different levels. There isan inner and outer pipe where heat exchanges take place in thehydroelectric apparatus. The piston in the inner pipe moves 4.2% to theleft in a 2000 ft. pipe 17 inches in diameter. This movement producesheat which adds to the heat in the outside pipe which is also heated bya piston pushed to right by air from storage 3% causing the pressure ofCO₂ to increase from 40 bar to 80 bar. The piston in the outside piperemains locked in place at this time. The heat from compression in bothpipes causes the CO₂ in the outside pipe to expand 3.32 times. Themovement of pistons are controlled by a computer program that open andclose the valves to and from the underground balloon-type liners 16 ft.in diameter. These liners provide sustained air and CO₂ pressure sincethe volume of storage balloon-type liners 16 ft. in diameter to thevolume in the compressor pipe 2 ft. in diameter is 64 to 1.

[0012] There is an increase in volume of 2.32 times. Expansion of 2times makes a production of energy possible when CO₂ at 80 bar displacesand pushes water through 2 pipes and drives a water turbine at thepressure of 80 bar. In addition, the 0.32 times increase makes itpossible for 10.5 pipes 1500 ft. in length (equivalent feet) whichcontains CO₂ at the pressure of 40 bar to change to 80 bar in each ofthe ten pipes with only a 3% movement of the piston.

[0013] This invention does need some extra CO₂ since there may be someleakage of CO₂ at the valve sites. A conventional fossil fuel steamplant could provide this CO₂ and at the same time make the process ofsequestration of CO₂ more economical than piping of CO₂ to the ocean asmany scientists recommend. To be able to recycle, one volume of CO₂ atthe pressure of 80 bar having a density of 281 Kg·m⁻³ is added to 2volumes of 3000 ft. of 2 ft. diameter pipe of CO₂ at the pressure of 40bar at 0 degrees C. A cooling effect is produced and CO₂ becomes aliquid when the CO₂ is allowed to expand and decrease in pressure.Recycling is now made possible.

[0014] The process of this invention can produce 1000 Kw to 3,000,000 Kwof electricity. Economically, this invention is cost effective in thatno combustible fuel is required. It is also cost effective sincecalculations indicate that 1276 CO₂ power plants each producing3,000,000 Kw from CO₂ could be built by using approximately the sameamount of steel being used in the 492,000 miles of steel used today formain trunk oil and gas pipelines in the U.S. reported in Fundamentals ofPetroleum, Mildred Gerding, Editor, and published by Petroleum ExtensionService, 1986.

[0015] One half of CO₂ compressed to 80 bar having the density of 281Kg·m⁻³ that power 1276 CO₂ power plants, may be used to compress air at40 bar to 80 bar as seen in FIG. 3.

[0016] If the process of compressing air at 40 bar to 80 bar takesplace, there is enough CO₂ at the density of 281 kg·m⁻³ at pressure of80 bar to power 638 CO₂ plants. Each of the 638 CO₂ power plants produce3,000,000 Kw.

[0017] To insure more recycling, electricity produced by 638 CO₂ powerplants may provide the electricity to power commercial compressors ofair and CO₂ at 150 bar. This extra air and CO₂ is added to storage. Thisleaves 319 plants which produce 3,000,000 Kw each plus a large supply ofair compressed from 40 bar to 80 bar plus air and CO₂ compressed from 1bar to 150 bar by commercial compressors.

[0018] According to DOE on the internet in 1999, 141 plants eachproducing the equivalent of 3,000,000 Kw of electricity resulted in thetotal net generation of approximately 423,000,000 Kw. 319 plants asresult of this invention divided by 141 plants in operation wouldproduce 2.26 times more electricity than produced in the U.S.A. in 1999.

[0019] Being cost effective, this invention could aid in the stimulationof the beginning of hydrogen economy. Electrolysis of water would beeconomical and profitable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020]FIG. 1. shows by a schematic drawing how CO₂, air and water canproduce electricity. There are 6 pipes which make up the operation partof the apparatus. In addition, there are three storage sites whichprovide for sustained air pressure and CO₂ pressure. Included are threepistons represented by “P” in three pipes. Valves are all represented bythe letter “V”.

[0021] In FIG. 1, there is a valve between surge pipe 4 and compressorpipe 6 which contains a piston “P”.

[0022] There is a valve between surge pipe 5 and pipe 7 which contains apiston “P”.

[0023] A connecting line representing a small diameter pipe is addedbetween the 2 ft. diameter pipe 6 and the 2 ft. diameter pipe 8, 3000ft. in length, divided into three 1000 ft. pipes.

[0024]FIG. 2. “A” shows how the underground storage is distributed onboth sides of the shaft. Balloon-like structures 16 ft. in diameter areat multiple levels on both sides of the shaft.

[0025]FIG. 2. “B” shows how underground storage balloon-type liners areat multiple levels on one side of the shaft only.

[0026]FIG. 2 “C” shows one underground storage level from 20 ft. to 2000ft. (attached to the shaft on one side or both sides).

[0027]FIG. 3. shows by a schematic drawing how CO₂, air, and waterduring the repair phase can produce an increase in air pressure. Inother words, air at 40 bar is compressed to produce air at 80 bar.Operation pipes and storage sites are seen in FIG. 3.

[0028]FIG. 4:

[0029] Unique to CO₂ gas: Increase of only 10 degrees C. causesexpansion of CO₂ at the temperature of 30 degrees C. to 40 degrees C. atthe pressure of 80 bar. Density at 30 degrees C. is 700 Kg·m⁻³. Densityat 40 degrees C. is 281 Kg·m⁻³.

[0030] Calculations:${{At}\quad 80\quad {bar}},{{30^{\circ}\quad {C.\quad {to}}\quad 40^{\circ}\quad {C.\quad \frac{700\quad {{kg} \cdot m^{- 3}}}{281\quad {{kg} \cdot m^{- 3}}}}} = {2.49\quad {times}}}$${{At}\quad 40\quad {bar}},{{0^{\circ}\quad {C.\quad {to}}\quad 40^{\circ}\quad {C.\quad {to}}\quad 80\quad {Bar}\quad \frac{933\quad {{kg} \cdot m^{- 3}}}{281\quad {{kg} \cdot m^{- 3}}}} = {3.32\quad {times}}}$

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0031]FIG. 1. is a schematic drawing showing three underground storageareas 1, 2, and 3. Storage area 1, contains air at the pressure of 1.1bar to 80 bar. Underground storage area 3, contains air at the pressureof 1.1 bar to 100 bar. Underground storage 2 contains carbon dioxide atthe pressure of 1.1 bar to 100 bar. Compressed air and compressed carbondioxide are stored at pressures of 1.1 bar to 100 bar at differentlevels of depth underground in 16 ft. diameter balloon type structures(rubber or plastic liners). (Civil engineers may decide to use differentsize and shape of balloon-like structure liners). Pipe 4 and pipe 5 aresteel pipes 3 ft. in diameter having the length of 444.44 ft. Pipe 6 is2 ft. in diameter having the length of 2000 ft Pipe 7 is 17 inches indiameter and has the length of 2000 ft. Pipe 8 above ground is 2 ft. indiameter having the length of 3×1000 ft. Pipe 9, also above ground is 2ft. in diameter and has the length of 3×1000 ft. Water flows throughturbines 10. All valves are represented by “V”. Pistons are representedby “P”.

PROCEDURE OF OPERATION

[0032] As seen in FIG. 1, pipe 4 always contains air at the pressure of80 bar. Pipe 5 contains air at the pressure of 100 bar. Both pipes 4 and5 act as surge pipes. Both pipes 6 and 7 contain CO₂ at the pressure of40 bar at this stage. There is a valve between surge pipe 4 and pipe 6.There is a valve between surge pipe 5 and pipe 7. There is a connectingpipe between pipe 6 and pipe 8 which at the beginning contains water.

[0033] The air at the sustained pressure of 80 bar from undergroundstorage 1 pushes into the surge pipe 4 and then pushes piston “P” inpipe 6 to the right until the heat of compression is produced. Carbondioxide begins to expand. At the same time, air at the sustainedpressure of 100 bar from underground storage pushes into pipe 5 and thenpushes the piston “P” in pipe 7 to the left until heat is produced. Thecarbon dioxide in pipe 6 expands from density of 933.318 Kg·m⁻³ to281.328 Kg·m⁻³ when it goes from pipe 6 to pipe 8 pushing water throughthe turbine 10.

[0034] The temperature in pipe 6 reaches 63.1 degrees C., and thetemperature in pipe 7 reaches 86.37 degrees C.

[0035] The temperature of pipe 6 needs only to increase to 40 degrees C.before it expands from density 933 Kg·m⁻³ to 281 Kg·m⁻³. There isexpansion of CO₂ 3.32 times in pipe 6 pushing into a connecting pipewhich connects directly with pipe 8. This is shown in FIG. 1.

[0036] The expansion of CO₂ in pipe 6, 3.32 times, makes energy possiblewhen CO₂ at 80 bar displaces and pushes water through pipe 8 and drivesa water turbine 10. Pipe 8 is represented 3×1000 ft. There may be atotal of 3 turbines 10. This completes the energy cycle. Calculations:$\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}} = {\frac{80\quad {bar}}{40\quad {bar}} = {{2\quad 2^{.3}} = {1.2311444 \times 273{^\circ}\quad K\quad {for}\quad {CO}_{2}}}}$$\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}{{{Diesel}\quad {cycle}\text{:}}\quad} \\{{Outside}\quad {pipe}\quad 6}\end{matrix} \\{{Temperature}\quad \cdots \quad {pipe}\quad 6}\end{matrix} = \quad \begin{matrix}{336\text{.}1024{^\circ}\quad K} \\{{- 273.0}\quad} \\{\quad {63.1024{^\circ}\quad C}}\end{matrix}$${\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}} = {{\frac{100}{40}\quad {bar}} = {{2\quad {.5}\quad 2.5^{.3}} = {1.3163822 \times \quad 273{^\circ}\quad K}}}}\quad$$\begin{matrix}{{Inside}\quad {pipe}\quad 7} \\\quad \\{{Temperature}\quad}\end{matrix}\quad = \quad \begin{matrix}{359.37{^\circ}\quad K} \\{{{- 273.0}{^\circ}}\quad} \\{{86.37{^\circ}\quad {C.}}\quad}\end{matrix}$ $\begin{matrix}{{{Temperature}\quad {average}\quad 359.37{^\circ}\quad K \times 2} =} \\{\quad {{336.1024{^\circ}\quad K \times 3} =}} \\\quad\end{matrix}\quad \begin{matrix}{\quad 718.74\quad} \\{\quad 1008.3072\quad} \\{\quad {5/1727.0472}\quad}\end{matrix}$ $\quad {\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix} = \\\quad\end{matrix} \\\quad\end{matrix}\quad \begin{matrix}{345.409{^\circ}\quad K} \\{{{- 273.}\quad {^\circ}\quad K}{\quad \quad}} \\{\quad {72.409{^\circ}\quad {C.}}}\end{matrix}}$

[0037] The temperature of 72.409° C. insures a temperature of at least40° C. after heat exchange between pipe 6 and pipe 7 has taken place.

[0038] Carbon dioxide has the density of 933.318 Kg·m⁻³ at 0° C. Thedensity of carbon dioxide is 281.328 Kg·m⁻³ at 40° C.

[0039] Expansion is: $\frac{933.318}{281.328} = {3.32\quad {times}}$

[0040] Calculations:

[0041] At 80 bar

[0042] There is an increase of volume of 2.32 times.

[0043] At 0° C. there needs to be an increase of density.$\begin{matrix}{{{sustained}\quad {of}\quad {CO}_{2\quad}\quad {at}}\quad}\end{matrix}933.318\quad {Kg}\quad {to}\quad 962.634$$\begin{matrix}{temperature}\end{matrix}\quad {for}\quad {CO}_{2\quad}\quad {at}\quad 40\quad {bar}\quad {to}\quad {become}\quad 80\quad {bar}$${\begin{matrix}{933.318\quad {{Kg} \cdot m^{- 3}}} \\{962,634\quad {{Kg} \cdot m^{- 3}}}\end{matrix} = {96.9546\quad \% \quad \begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}1.000000 \\{\quad {.969546}}\end{matrix} \\{\quad {.030454}}\end{matrix}}}\quad$

[0044] If the temperature remains constant at 0 degrees C., there ismovement of only 3% when pressure increases from 40 bar to 80 bar ineach of the steel 10.5 pipes, 2 ft. in diameter and 1500 ft. in lengthReference: Encyclopedie Des Gaz Encyclopaedia, L'Air Liquide, 1976,Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, English Translation by NissimMarshall.

[0045] Calculations:

[0046] 0.32 divided by 0.030454

[0047] 10.5×1500 ft. length

[0048] 10.5 pipes×1500 ft. Length from 40 bar to 80 bar.

[0049] Use 2 parts of volume increase for energy. $\begin{matrix}{V = {1.5 \times 3,140\quad {{cu}.\quad {ft}.}}} \\{= {{4710\quad {{cu}.\quad {ft}.} \times 2} = {9420\quad {{cu}.\quad {ft}.}}}} \\{{\frac{9420\quad {{cu}.\quad {ft}.}}{\sec} \times \frac{62.4\quad {lbs}}{1\quad {{cu}.\quad {ft}.}} \times 2663\quad {{ft}.} \times \frac{1\quad {hp}}{550\quad {{ft}.}}}} \\{{{lbs}\text{/}\sec \times \frac{{.746}\quad {Kw}}{1\quad {hp}}}} \\{= {2,123,160.359\quad {Kw}}}\end{matrix}$

[0050] If the temperature does not reach 40° C. when heat exchange ismade between the inner pipe and outer, use 40 bar CO₂ compressed ininner pipe to 120 bar. $\begin{matrix}{\frac{P_{2}}{P_{1}} = {{\frac{120\quad {bar}}{40\quad {bar}}\quad 3^{.3}} = {{1.39038917 \times 273^{\circ}\quad K}\quad =}}} \\\quad\end{matrix}\begin{matrix}\quad \\\frac{\begin{matrix}{{379.576\quad K} -} \\273\end{matrix}}{\quad {{106.576\quad}^{\circ}\quad {C.}}\quad}\end{matrix}$ ${\begin{matrix}{{Outside}\quad {pipe}\quad 80\quad {bar}\quad {from}\quad 40\quad {bar}} \\{2^{.3} = {{1.231144412 \times 273^{\circ}\quad {K.}}\quad =}} \\\begin{matrix}\quad \\\quad\end{matrix}\end{matrix}\begin{matrix}\quad \\\frac{\begin{matrix}{{336.1024^{\circ}\quad K} -} \\{273/1000}\end{matrix}}{\quad {63.1024^{\circ}\quad {C.}}\quad}\end{matrix}}\quad$ ${\begin{matrix}{379.576^{\circ}\quad K} \\{379.576^{\circ}\quad K} \\\quad \\\underset{\_}{\begin{matrix}{336.1024^{\circ}\quad K} \\{336.1024^{\circ}\quad K} \\{336.1024^{\circ}\quad K}\end{matrix}}\end{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}2 & {{Inside}\quad {Pipe}}\end{matrix} \\\quad\end{matrix} \\\quad\end{matrix} \\\begin{matrix}3 & {{outside}\quad {pipes}}\end{matrix}\end{matrix} \\\quad\end{matrix} \\\quad\end{matrix}}\quad$ ${\frac{1767,4592}{5} = {\frac{\begin{matrix}{{353.49^{\circ}\quad K} -} \\{273.00\quad}\end{matrix}}{{80.49^{\circ}\quad {C.}}\quad}\quad \begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}{{Need}\quad {outer}\quad {pipe}\quad {to}\quad {get}\quad {at}} \\{{least}\quad 40^{\circ}\quad {C.\quad {so}}\quad {that}\quad {density}}\end{matrix} \\{{of}\quad 80\quad {bar}\quad {pipes}\quad {go}\quad {from}}\end{matrix} \\{933\quad {{Kg} \cdot m^{- 3}}\quad {to}\quad 281\quad {{Kg} \cdot {m^{- 3}.}}}\end{matrix}}}\quad$

[0051] Calculations:

[0052] Footage of 2 ft. diameter pipe needed: $\begin{matrix}16 & \times & 30 & \times & 2 & \times & 1.413\end{matrix}\quad$ $\begin{matrix}10.5 & {{pipes}\quad {for}} & {\sec/} & {{One}\quad {energy}\quad {phase}\quad {and}} & {\quad {{Big}\quad {setups}}} \\\quad & {operations} & \quad & {{{one}\quad {repair}\quad {{phase}.}}\quad} & \quad \\{+ 5.5} & {{pipes}\quad} & \quad & \quad & \quad\end{matrix}$ $\begin{matrix}{\frac{3{,000,000,\quad K\quad w}}{2,123,160,\quad K\quad w} = 1.413} \\{= {1356.48 \times 1500\quad {{ft}.}}} \\{= {2,034,720\quad {{ft}.\quad {divided}}\quad {by}\quad 5,280\quad {{ft}.}}} \\{= \quad {385.36\quad {miles}}}\end{matrix}\quad$ $\begin{matrix}{\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}{\frac{492,000\quad {miles}}{385.36\quad {miles}}\quad {of}} \\{{main}\quad {trunk}\quad {oil}\quad {and}}\end{matrix} \\{{gas}\quad {{pipelines}.}}\end{matrix} = \frac{1276\quad {power}\quad {plants}}{141\quad {power}\quad {plants}}} \\{= {9.05 \times \begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}{{plants}\quad {in}\quad {U.S.A.}} \\{{based}\quad {on}\quad {steel}\quad {used}}\end{matrix} \\{{in}\quad {pipes}\quad 2\quad {{ft}.\quad {in}}}\end{matrix} \\{{diameter}.}\end{matrix}}}\end{matrix}\quad$${{{\frac{492,000\quad {miles}}{385.36\quad {miles}}\quad {of}\quad {main}\quad {trunk}\quad {oil}\quad {and}\quad {gas}\quad {{pipelines}.}}\quad \quad = \frac{1276\quad {power}\quad {plants}}{141\quad {power}\quad {plants}}} = \begin{matrix}{9.05 \times {plants}\quad {in}\quad {U.S.A.}} \\{{{based}\quad {on}\quad {steel}\quad {used}}} \\{{{in}\quad {pipes}\quad 2\quad {{ft}.\quad {in}}}} \\{{{diameter}.}}\end{matrix}}\quad$

UNDERGROUND STORAGE OF AIR AND CO₂

[0053] Underground storage of air and CO₂ at the pressure of 1.1 bar to100 bar provide sustained pressure to pipe 4 and pipe 5 in FIG. 1. Pipe4 and pipe 5 may have a diameter of 2 ft. and can contain air and CO₂ atpressure of 200 bar if the ambient temperature is 273 degrees K.

[0054] This invention only requires the pressure be as high as 100 bar.If more air at high pressure is needed such as 120 bar, air may bestored in 2 ft. diameter pipes underground.

[0055] As the pressure of air on carbon dioxide underground increases,the balloon-type structure liners are placed at a greater depthunderground.

[0056] The balloon-like liners may be 16 feet in diameter or they may be500-1000 length 32 ft. wide and 16 ft. in height.

[0057] Underground storage provides sustained pressure and at the sametime produces 2,152,659 Kw of electricity.

[0058]FIG. 2 “A” shows storage underground. The shaft 2 is similar tothat type of shafts used in coal mines. The different levels 3 ofstorage are on both sides of the mining shaft 2.

[0059]FIG. 2 “B” multiple levels 3 of stored air are on one side only ofthe mining shaft 2.

[0060]FIG. 2 “C” has only one shaft and one level 3 to placeballoon-type structure. The depth of this level 3 may be located at thedepth of 20 ft. to 2,000 ft.

[0061] Civil engineers would decide what type of storage area would needto be constructed for each job.

[0062]FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of the apparatus which acts as acompressor of air from 40 bar to 80 bar.

[0063] Prior Condition to Compression

[0064] There are 3 storage areas. Storage area 1 is at the left indrawing FIG. 3, and contains air at the pressures of 1.1 bar, 20 bar, 40bar, 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar, and 80 bar.

[0065] Storage area 2 is the middle of drawing in FIG. 3 and containsCO₂ at pressures of 1. 1 bar, 20 bar, 40 bar, 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar, 80bar and 100 bar.

[0066] Storage area 3 is on the right side in drawing, FIG. 3 andcontains air of 1.1 bar, 20 bar, 40 bar, 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar, 80 barand 100 bar.

[0067] Storage of air and CO₂ underground is in 16 ft. diameterballoon-type liners 2000 ft. in length in the balloon-type liners thatline tunnels which are at different levels of depth. Higher pressure ofair and CO₂ require greater depth of the tunnels which containballoon-type liners.

[0068] Pipe 4 at the beginning contains CO₂ at the pressure of 40 bar.Pipe 5 also contains CO₂ at the pressure of 40 bar at the beginning.Pipe 6 and pipe 7 contain air at pressure of 40 bar at the beginning.

[0069] Procedure of FIG. 3.

[0070] Air at sustained pressure of 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar, and 80 barpush into pipe 4 from storage 1 and pushes piston “P” to the right untilpressure increases to 80 bar. The heat of compression in pipe 4increases the temperature of CO₂ to 63 degrees C. as calculated.

[0071] To insure that temperature in pipe 4 increases from 0 degrees C.to at least 40 degrees C., air from storage at 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar,80 bar and 100 bar pushes into pipe 5 and compresses CO₂ at 40 bar to100 bar.

[0072] The temperature increases in pipe 5 to 86 degrees C. ascalculated by using the diesel cycle equation.

[0073] Pipe 5 acts only as a heater to the CO₂ in pipe 4.

[0074] It is very important that temperature increases at least to 40degrees C.

[0075] If temperature increases more than 40 degrees C. in pipe 4,expansion will be more than 3.32 times.

[0076] At 40 degrees C. and 80 bar in pipe 4, the CO₂ in pipe 4 expands3.32 times. The increase of 2.32 times the volume of CO₂ at 80 barpushes CO₂ into pipe 6 and pipe 7 which are both 3000 ft. in length.

[0077] Pistons in pipe 6 and pipe 7 are pushed to right by CO₂ at 80 baruntil 3000 ft. of air at 40 bar in both pipes 6 and 7 are compressed to1500 ft. of air at 80 bar in pipes 6 and 7.

[0078] The result is that 6000 ft. of air at 40 bar is compressed to3000 ft. of air at 80 bar. The diameter of both pipe 6 and pipe 7 is 2feet.

Repair Phase

[0079] After CO₂ at pressure of 80 bar and density of 281 Kg·m⁻³ pushesthe third piston “P” to the right, and water has been pushed throughturbine 10, the CO₂ in pipes 6 and 8 pushes into storage underground atthe pressure of 80 bar, 75 bar, 70 bar, 60 bar, 40 bar down to 20 bar,down to 1.1 bar. No CO₂ or air is lost except for small leakage aroundvalves.

[0080] When all the compressed air and CO₂ have been returned tounderground storage areas of 1, 2, and 3, part of the repair phase hastaken place.

[0081] The density of 281 Kg·m⁻³ should be returned to the density of933 Kg·m⁻³. To do this, two volumes of CO₂ at the density of 933 Kg·m⁻³and 0 degrees C. is added to 3.32 volumes of CO₂ at the density of 281Kg·m⁻³ and at 40 degrees C. This mixture is allowed to expand resultingin liquid CO₂.

[0082] It may be best to add another volume of CO₂ at the same densityof 933 Kg·m⁻³ at the same temperature.

[0083] Calculations: 2.32 volumes increase when expanded from

933 Kg·m⁻³ to 281 Kg·m⁻³

[0084] Density=933 Kg·m⁻³×3=2799 (3 volumes)

2799 divided by 5.32 volumes=526 Kg·m⁻³ density

[0085] Then the CO₂ is allowed to expand, causing the CO₂ to become aliquid.

[0086]FIG. 3, a schematic drawing described in detail in theDescriptions, explains how CO₂ at 40 bar is changed to CO₂ in 80 bar.Commercial compresses are used to compress air and CO₂ to storage at thepressure of 150 bar. This compressed air and CO₂ pushes into storage tokeep pressure in storage area 1 at 80 bar, storage area 2 of CO₂ at 100bar, and storage area 3 of air at 100 bar.

[0087] It is not mandatory for the CO₂ gas to return to a liquid since10.5 2 ft. diameter steel pipes 1500 ft. in length contain CO₂ at thepressure of 80 bar resulting from the described operation as shown byFIG. 1.

[0088] Recycling is ready to take place. The energy phase is ready tooccur again. There are two set-ups that operate simultaneously. Oneset-up goes through the energy phase while the other set-up goes throughthe repair phase. By alternating and using two set-ups the production ofelectricity is continuous.

CONCLUSION

[0089] As described above, CO₂ can be used to produce electricity in acost effective manner. No pollution occurs in this invention becausethere is no combustion of fossil fuels required.

10-15 were cancelled in the revised February 2002 edition of the PatentApplication by the authors and claims 16-20 were substituted as anApplication-in-Part Continuation because the new claims steps showed howto increase the electricity by starting with storage to produce two-foldplus efficiency with CO₂, compressed air, and water. See the first threedrawings attached to understand the claims:
 16. A process for generatinghydroelectric power by using compressed air, CO₂, and water comprisingsteps of: a) Air from storage at 80 bar pushes into a surge pipe 3 ft.in diameter containing air always of 80 bar into a 2 ft. diameter pipe2000 ft. in length containing CO₂ at the pressure of 40 bar before thepiston in pipe is pushed to the right only 3% that caused thecompression of the CO₂ from 40 bar to 80 bar and also caused an increaseof the temperature to 63° C.; b) at the same time, air pushes into theinside pipe 2000 ft. in length that pushed a piston to the leftapproximately 4.2% that compressed the CO₂ from 50 to 100 bar; c)increase of the pressure of CO₂ from 40 bar to 100 bar increased thetemperature from 0° C. to 86.37° C. in the inside pipe 17 inches indiameter; d) the temperature of CO₂ is insured in the outside said pipein step a to at least 40° after compression from 40 bar to 80 bar; e)expansion takes place in the outside pipe of said step a to an increaseof 2.32 times volume; f) an increase of 2 times the volume of CO₂ ofsaid outside pipe in step a pushes CO₂ into three 2 ft. diameter pipes,containing water pushing a piston to the right in each 1000 ft. pipedriving three water turbines; g) the increase of 0.32 pushes CO₂ into10.5 2 ft. diameter steel pipes which are located in the storage area.17. The process set forth in claim 16 is incorporated into claim 17 asif re-written here and further adding step: h) Balloon-type structureswere used in a storage area underground for setting the storagepresssure of 1.1 bar, 20 bar, 40 bar, 60 bar, 70 bar, 75 bar and 80 barwhich permits saving re-cycling air and CO₂ in a closed system.
 18. Aprocess for compressing air from 40 bar to 80 bar by using compressedair and compressed CO₂ from the storage area, comprising steps of: a)Air from storage at the sustained pressure of 40 bar, 60 bar, 70 bar, 75bar and 80 bar pushes a piston to the right only 3% in a pipe 2 ft. indiameter and 2000 ft in length containing CO₂; b) CO₂ is compressed insaid pipe of step a from 40 bar to 80 bar while expanding 3.32 times anincrease of 2.32 times; c) at the same time, temperature was caused toreach at least 40° C.; d) at the same time, the air in the inside pipe17 inches in diameter pushes a piston to the left only approximately4.2% compressing CO₂ at 40 bar to 100 bar causing heat to rise to 86.37°C.; e) the point is that CO₂ at 86.37° C. in the inside pipe 17 inchesin diameter is not allowed to expand while insuring the temperature ofthe CO₂ in the inside pipe 2 ft in diameter to be at least 40° C.; f) anincrease in volume of the CO₂ in the 2 ft. diameter outside pipe expands3000 ft. in length pushing two pistons 1500 ft. to right in two pipes3000 ft. in length containing air at 40 bar at the beginning; g) a totalof 6000 ft. of air at 40 bar is compressed to 80 bar when expanding CO₂pushes the two pistons to the right in the two pipes each 3000 ft. inlength.
 19. claim 18 is incorporated into this claim 19 as if re-writtenand further states: h) This is a step of using balloon-type structuresinside a storage area which contains one balloon-type of structure 16ft. in diameter for each pipe in the apparatus of said claim at thepressures of 1.1 bar, 20 bar, 40 bar, 70 bar and 80 bar, plus, extraballoon-type structures at 40 bar and 80 bar.
 20. claim 16 isincorporated into this claim 20 as if re-written and further states: h)This is a process of generating electricity of said claim 16 by usingCO₂ which provides a method for sequestration of CO₂ when a fossil fuelplant is located in an adjacent area.